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The Censored Legacy of Actress Soad Hosny

In a culture striving to project unity, how did Egypt’s sweetheart come to reflect the deeper uncertainties of her times?

Mariam Elmiesiry

The Censored Legacy of Actress Soad Hosny

On her birthday, it’s worth remembering how Soad Hosny’s remarkable legacy, particularly the films that faced censorship with their unflinching portrayals of gender inequality, corruption and social unrest, collided head-on with guardianship restrictions. These films didn’t just tell stories; they asked questions. Who benefits from power? Who suffers in silence?

Although Hosny comes to mind likely in connection with the cheerful musicals and romantic comedies that endeared her to millions, her artistic range - especially starting in the 70s, the crescendo of her artistic maturity - went far beyond those familiar roles. She consistently ventured into uncomfortable terrain, resisting flattened archetypes, resisting simplicity. It’s only in retrospect that her enduring impact as both an artist and a storyteller is fully recognised with her work reflecting the complexities of her era during times of cultural and political change. Hosny’s work urged audiences to look beyond the surface with narratives gently and ungently questioning society.

Historically, film censorship in Egypt - introduced by England in 1914 - was initially justified as a political and military necessity for national security, and was later expanded in 1938, imposing strict limitations on filmmakers and prohibiting criticism of authorities or depictions of class conflict.

So, in a culture striving to project unity, how did Egypt’s sweetheart come to reflect some of the deeper uncertainties of her times?

Karnak (1975)

‘Karnak’ is not an easy film to watch or forget. Directed by Ali Badrakhan and adapted from a novella by Naguib Mahfouz, it is a searing story of surveillance in the 1950s.

At its heart is Zeinab, played by Hosny, a university student with optimism and ambition. But her life unravels when she and her friends are arrested on false conspiracy charges. Through torture and coercion, they are forced to betray one another, their youthful idealism crushed under the weight of authoritarianism.

As detailed in Viola Shafik's ‘Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity’, following the 1952 Egyptian Revolution and the rise of Gamal Abdel-Nasser’s anti-colonialist movement, cinema emerged as a tool to solely promote a nationalist spirit and primarily support nation-building. Challenging this narrative, even under a different administration at the time of the film’s release, wasn’t without consequences.

The film was banned upon release but saw the light shortly after by President Anwar Sadat himself.

Afghanistan Why? (1983)

This unreleased 1984 film by Moroccan director Abdellah Mesbahi starred Soad Hosny as an Afghan woman and Abdullah Gaith as a resistance leader during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

Despite partial shooting in Tetouan, Morocco, the project faltered when the Moroccan military refused to supply needed battle equipment, leaving it 70% incomplete. Disillusioned Saudi financiers demanded refunds, and the Moroccan Cinematic Center seized the footage, banning its release.

Mesbahi failed to revive the film, including plans for a sequel rebranded as ‘Afghanistan: God and His Enemies’. His death in 2016 marked the end of a story overshadowed by censorship and unrealised potential, and the fragile intersection of art and politics.

Ahl el Qema (1984)

‘Ahl el Qema’ (‘People of the Top’) is a bold critique of class dynamics following President Sadat’s globalisation policies. Soad Hosny portrays a woman navigating a world where wealth and influence overshadow integrity. The film’s exploration of greed, power and ethical decay resonated with audiences, but was considered too provocative by censors.

Ghoraba’ (1973)

Perhaps one of her least known movies, the story follows Nadiya Youssef, a middle-class university student torn between three conflicting ideologies embodied by the men in her life: her brother Ahmed, a strict but flawed proponent of religious dogma; her professor Fouad, a secular rationalist consumed by materialism; and her lover Samir, a hedonist driven by pleasure. Their influence pulls her in different directions, leaving her unable to reconcile her beliefs.

By 1971, Article 2 of the constitution declared Islamic Shari’a a principal source of legislation, further institutionalising a moral framework prioritising social harmony over individual self-discovery. Rich in symbolism, the film portrays Nadiya Youssef as Egypt itself, calling out to its savior to rescue it from confusion and sterility. Nadia grapples with tradition, modernity, and the search for balance, with her middle-class roots representing the societal core. ‘Ghoraba’’ captured the tensions of a nation in transition.

Al-Qadisiyya (1981)

Another of Souad Hosny’s rarely discussed films is ‘Al-Qadisiyya’, a historical epic directed by Salah Abu Seif and produced by Iraq in 1980. The film, which dramatised the Battle of Al-Qadisiyya, a decisive victory for the early Muslim armies against the Sassanian Empire, was intended to draw parallels between this historical event and Iraq’s contemporary conflict with Iran. Yet, beneath its glossy production lay a calculated political agenda.

“The film was manipulated to serve as a propaganda tool during Saddam Hussein’s regime, with parallels between its historical narrative and then contemporary conflicts,” Ahmed Osama, critic and co-founder of Cinema Bra7, tells CairoScene. AlQadisiyya’s strong political agenda may have been the basis to its ban, although Al-Azhar has denied this, citing the prohibition of portraying the companion Saad ibn Abi Waqqas in a work of art.

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